Oral physiological Glossary: periodontal ligament

Periodontal ligament (periodontal membrane): periodontal ligament (PDL, periodontal space) posed by the dense connective tissue. Most fibers arranged in bundles, one end buried fiber cementum, the other end of the tooth socket bone is buried in the wall where the teeth fixed in the alveolar fossa. Periodontal membrane of nerve, blood vessels, lymphatic and epithelial cells.

1. Fiber: mainly collagen fibers, multi-set synthetic beam, arranged in a certain direction (the main fiber bundles). Is embedded in the cementum and:

Alveolar bone of the main fiber bundles nU penetrating fibers. The main fiber bundles can be divided into five groups:

(1) alveolar crest fibers: starting from the alveolar crest, radial to the coronal tilt, beyond the neck of the cementum. In the teeth of the lip (buccal) tongue dental supplies visible, absence of adjacent surfaces. The teeth to the alveolar fossa traction to prevent tooth to tilt the tongue.

(2) alveolar horizontal fibers: fibers from the alveolar ridge of the root square, starting from the alveolar bone, teeth and neck was limited to the horizontal direction around. Prevent tooth to tilt in any direction.

(3) alveolar oblique fibers: is the largest number of strongest and most widely distributed a set of fibers. Tilt to the apical direction from the alveolar bone, cementum ends within. Its function is suspended teeth, so chewing teeth can withstand a greater force.

(4) apical fiber: starting from the periapical alveolar bone, to gather on the coronal cementum in the root tip. Apical position can be fixed to protect the apical foramen and out of blood vessels and nerves.

(5) between the root fiber: This fiber is only found in Dental Implant multi-root teeth, starting from the root interval, radial beyond the bifurcation of the root cementum. May be pulling teeth to the alveolar fossa.

2. Matrix: a gum-like substance without structure.

3. Cell:

(1) fibroblasts: is the most important periodontal ligament cells, its function is involved in collagen synthesis and absorption, so that the collagen in the periodontal ligament can be constantly updated. With matrix formation.

(2) The osteoblast: Located in the newly formed alveolar bone surface, can secrete collagen fibers and bone matrix, bone mineralization became interstitial. Can become bone cells.

(3) osteoclasts: in, parts of the bone resorption lacunae within the bone or cementum can absorption occur when bone resorption stops, osteoclasts disappeared.

(4) cells, cementoblasts: Located near cementum at the periodontal membrane. Its function is the formation of cementum.

(5) the remaining epithelium: root development is the process of epithelial root sheath remnants of part of the fibers in the cementum with the gap too, showed cord-like or mass. Proliferation when stimulated can be odontogenic jaw cyst or tumor of epithelial origin.

4. Cementum body: a circular clumps of mineralization, ranging from the number, separated from the periodontal ligament or cementum attached to dry surfaces. Variability may be due to mineralization of epithelial cells.